Main article: Student life at the University of Pennsylvania Demographics for Class of 2015 [95] Multicultural background Number enrolled Percent of class American Indian 25 1.1%

 worldwide companies, ranks Penn 11th worldwide, and 2nd nationally behind Harvard.[88] According to a US News article in 2010, Penn is tied for second (tied with Dartmouth College and Tufts University) for the number of undergraduate alumni who are current Fortune 100 CEOs.[89] The Washington Monthly ranked Penn 27th in National University Rankings (Social mobility: percentage of, and support for, Pell grant recipients; Research: total research spending; PhDs granted in science and engineering; and Community Service: the number of students in ROTC, Peace Corps, etc.).[90] Forbes ranked Penn 17th, based on a variety of criteria.[91]
Undergraduate programs
Penn's arts and science programs are all well regarded, with many departments ranked amongst the nation's top 10. At the undergraduate level, Wharton, Penn's business school, and Penn's nursing school have maintained their No. 1, 2 or 3 rankings since U.S. News began reviewing such programs.[citation needed] In the School of Engineering, top departments are bioengineering (typically ranked in the top 5 by U.S. News), mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and nanotechnology.[citation needed] The school is also strong in some areas of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Graduate and professional programs
Among its professional schools, the schools of business, communication, dentistry, medicine, nursing, and veterinary medicine rank in the top 5 nationally (see U.S. News and National Research Council).[citation needed] Penn's Law School is ranked 7th, and its School of Education and School of Social Policy & Practice are ranked in the top 10 (see U.S. News).[citation needed] In the 2010 QS Global 200 Business Schools Report, Penn was ranked 2nd in North America.[92]
Executive salary
Amy Gutmann's salary in 2009 was US$1.3 million, placing her as the 20th highest paid college president in the United States.[93][94]
Student life[edit]

Main article: Student life at the University of Pennsylvania
Demographics for Class of 2015 [95]
Multicultural background    Number enrolled    Percent of class
American Indian    25    1.1%
Asian    437    20.1%
Black    235    10.8%
Caucasian    982    45.2%
Latino    241    11.1%
Hawaiian    4    0.2%
Not Reported    250    11.5%


The Castle Fraternity


Phi Delta Theta and Kappa Sigma
Demographics[edit]
Of those accepted for admission to the Class of 2014, 40.8 percent are Asian, Hispanic, African-American, or Native American.[2] In addition, 51.1% of current students are women.[2]
More than 11% of the first year class are international students.[2] The composition of international students accepted in the Class of 2014 is: 50.2% from Asia; 9.2% from Africa and the Middle East; 17.7% from Europe; 15.5% from Canada and Mexico; 4.8% from

Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, The University of Chicago and Stanford.[78] U.S. News also includes Penn in its Most Popular National Universities list,[79] and so does The Princeton Review in its Dream Colleges list.[80] In their latest editions Penn was ranked 13th in the world by the QS World University Rankings,[81] 14th by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities,[82] and 15th by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[83] According to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranking Penn is also the 8th and 9th best university in the world for economics/business and social sciences studi

ands, feet, and limbs.[67] Conductive polymer was also developed at Penn by Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa, an invention that earned them the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Ralph L. Brinster, on faculty since 1965, developed the scientific basis for in vitro fertilization and the transgenic mouse at Penn. The theory of superconductivity was also partly developed at Penn, by then faculty member John Robert Schrieffer (along with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper). The university has also contributed major advancements in the fields of economics and management. Among the many discoveries are conjoint analysis, widely used as a predictive tool especially in market research, Simon Kuznets's method of measuring Gross National Product,[69] the Penn effect (the observation that consumer price levels in richer countries are systematically higher than in poorer ones), and the "Wharton Model"[70] developed by Nobel-laurete Lawrence Klein to measure and forecast economic activity. The idea behind Health Maintenance Organizations also belonged to Penn professor Robert Eilers, who put it into practice during then President Nixon's health reform in the 1970s.[69]
Rankings[edit]

University rankings
National
ARWU[71]    12
Forbes[72]    11
U.S. News & World Report[73]    7
Washington Monthly[74]    21
Global
ARWU[75]    14
QS[76]    13
Times[77]    15
General rankings
According to U.S. News & World Report Penn is currently ranked 7th in the United States (tied with Duke and MIT), behind Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, The University of Chicago and Stanford.[78] U.S. News also includes Penn in its Most Popular National Universities list,[79] and so does The Princeton Review in its Dream Colleges list.[80]
In their latest editions Penn was ranked 13th in the world by the QS World University Rankings,[81] 14th by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities,[82] and 15th by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[83] According to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranking Penn is also the 8th and 9th best university in the world for economics/business and social sciences studies, respectively.[84] University of Pennsylvania ranked 12th among 300 Best World Universities in 2012 compiled by Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR) on Measurements of World's Top 300 Universities Graduates' Performance .[85]
Research rankings
The Center for Measuring University Performance places Penn in the first tier of the United States' top research universities (tied with Columbia, MIT and Stanford), based on research expenditures, faculty awards, PhD granted and other academic criteria.[86] Penn was also ranked 9th by the National Science Foundation in terms of R&D expenditures topping all other Ivy League Schools.[49] The High Impact Universities research performance index ranks Penn 8th in the world, whereas the 2010 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (published by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan) ranks Penn 11th in the world for 2010, 2008 and 2007, and 9th for 2009.[citation needed] The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers measures universities' research productivity, research impact, and research excellence based on the scientific papers published by their academic staff. The SCImago Institutions Rankings World Report 2012, which ranks world universities, national institutions and academies in terms of research output, ranks Penn 7th nationally among U.S. universities (and 2nd in the Ivy League behind Harvard) and 28th in the world overall (the first being France's Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique).[87]
Other rankings
The Mines ParisTech International Professional Ranking, which ranks universities on the basis of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest

ent of the applicants (9.5% in the regular decision cycle), marking Penn's most selective admissions cycle in the history of the University.[46] The Atlantic also ranked Penn among the 10 most selective schools in the country. At the graduate level, Penn's admissions rates, like most universities', vary considerably based on school and program. Based on admission statistics from U.S. News and World Report, Penn's most selective programs include its law school, the health care schools (medicine, dental medicine, nursing, and veterinary), and its business school. Research, innovations, and discoveries[edit]

For graduate programs, Penn offers many formalized joint-degree graduate degrees such as a joint J.D./MBA, and maintains a list of interdisciplinary institutions, such as the Institute for Medicine and Engineering, the Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, and the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science.
Academic medical center and biomedical research complex[edit]
Hamilton Walk and the John Morgan Building at the Perelman School of Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Dental School
University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
Penn's health-related programs—including the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Nursing, and Veterinary Medicine, and programs in bioengineering (School of Engineering) and health management (the Wharton School)—are among the university's strongest academic components. The combination of intellectual breadth, research funding (each of the health sciences schools ranks in the top 5 in annual NIH funding), clinical resources and overall scale ranks Penn with only a small handful of peer universities in the U.S.
The size of Penn's biomedical research organization, however, adds a very capital intensive component to the university's operations, and introduces revenue instability due to changing government regulations, reduced federal funding for research, and Medicaid/Medicare program changes. This is a primary reason highlighted in bond rating agencies' views on Penn's overall financial rating, which ranks one notch below its academic peers. Penn has worked to address these issues by pooling its schools (as well as several hospitals and clinical practices) into the University of Pennsylvania Health System, thereby pooling resources for greater efficiencies and research impact.
Admissions selectivity[edit]
The Princeton Review ranks Penn as the 6th most selective school in the United States.[45] For the Class of 2015, entering in the fall of 2011, the University received a record of 31,659 applications and admitted 12.26 percent of the applicants (9.5% in the regular decision cycle), marking Penn's most selective admissions cycle in the history of the University.[46] The Atlantic also ranked Penn among the 10 most selective schools in the country. At the graduate level, Penn's admissions rates, like most universities', vary considerably based on school and program. Based on admission statistics from U.S. News and World Report, Penn's most selective programs include its law school, the health care schools (medicine, dental medicine, nursing, and veterinary), and its business school.
Research, innovations, and discoveries[edit]



Claudia Cohen Hall, formerly Logan Hall, home of the College of Arts and Sciences and former home of the Wharton School
Penn is considered a "very high research activity" university.[47] Its economic impact on the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for 2010 amounted to $14 billion.[48] In 2011 Penn topped the Ivy League in research expenditures with $814 million worth of research,[2][49] of which about 70% comes from federal support and in the most part from the Department of Health and Human Services.[50] Penn also enjoys strong support from the private sector, which in 2010 contributed almost $400 million to Penn, making it the 6th strongest US university in terms of fundraising.[51] In line with its well-known interdisciplinary tradition, Penn's research centers often span two or more disciplines. In the 2010–11 academic year alone 5 interdisciplinary research centers were created or substantially expanded; these include the Center for Health-care Financing,[52] the Center for Global Women’s Health at the Nursing School,[53] the $13 million Morris Arboretum’s Horticulture Center,[54] the $15 million Jay H. Baker Retailing Center at Wharton,[55] and the $13 million Translational Research Center at Penn Medicine.[56] With these additions, Penn now counts 165 research centers hosting a research community of over 4,000 faculty and over 1,100 postdoctoral fellows, 5,400 academic support staff and graduate student trainees.[2] To further assist the advancement of interdisciplinary research President Amy Gutmann established the "Penn Integrates Knowledge" title awarded to selected Penn professors "whose research and teaching e